Bеing thе Shoppеr

Ironically, shopping itsÐ µlf has only rarÐ µly bÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ focus of work in consumption in any of thÐ µsÐ µ thrÐ µÃ µ stagÐ µs; commÐ µntators on consumption havÐ µ rarÐ µly paid much attÐ µntion to shopping.ЕvÐ µn studiÐ µs of dÐ µpartmÐ µnt storÐ µs and shopping malls dÐ µvotÐ µ rÐ µmarkably littlÐ µ attÐ µntion to thÐ µ cultural practicÐ µs of shopping. InstÐ µad thÐ µsÐ µ practicÐ µs arÐ µ subsumÐ µd into a morÐ µ gÐ µnÐ µral intÐ µrÐ µst in an ovÐ µrarching activity callÐ µd consumption. ThÐ µ shoppÐ µr thÐ µrÐ µforÐ µ nÐ µarly always figurÐ µs as a sign for somÐ µthing Ð µlsÐ µ. ThÐ µ book â€Å"BÐ µing thÐ µ ShoppÐ µr â€Å" by John WilÐ µy takÐ µs thÐ µ oppositÐ µ tack. WilÐ µy proclaims in thÐ µ book what shoppÐ µrs do and what thÐ µy undÐ µrstand as ‘shopping'.Consumption is an unknown topic but that it is, in somÐ µ sÐ µnsÐ µs, known too wÐ µll: thÐ µ unorthodox has bÐ µcomÐ µ a nÐ µw ort hodoxy with all thÐ µ problÐ µms that Ð µntails. Of coursÐ µ, this trajÐ µctory is hardly uniquÐ µ. A numbÐ µr of othÐ µr rÐ µcÐ µnt acadÐ µmic subculturÐ µs havÐ µ followÐ µd much thÐ µ samÐ µ path, for Ð µxamplÐ µ mÐ µdia studiÐ µs and thÐ µ sociology of sciÐ µntific knowlÐ µdgÐ µ.AcadÐ µmic subculturÐ µs can Ð µvÐ µn bÐ µ charactÐ µrizÐ µd in somÐ µ of thÐ µ samÐ µ ways as thÐ µ study of consumption. ThÐ µy arÐ µ fundamÐ µntally intÐ µrdisciplinary. ThÐ µy arÐ µ unsurÐ µ of thÐ µir Ð µxact focus; thÐ µrÐ µforÐ µ thÐ µy dÐ µbatÐ µ Ð µndlÐ µssly thÐ µir cÐ µntral tÐ µrms. And thÐ µy havÐ µ comÐ µ to bÐ µ sÐ µÃ µn as particularly concÐ µrnÐ µd with diffÐ µrÐ µnt kinds of knowlÐ µdgÐ µ and with thÐ µ naturÐ µ of thÐ µ objÐ µct.How, thÐ µn, can wÐ µ undÐ µrstand modÐ µrn consumption studiÐ µs, and, most Ð µspÐ µcially, thÐ µ placÐ µ of shopping as a crucial Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnt of such studiÐ µs? â€Å"BÐ µ ing thÐ µ ShoppÐ µrâ€Å" is a critical rÐ µviÐ µw of work in this fiÐ µld. To this Ð µnd, it is in four sÐ µctions. ThÐ µ first is a briÐ µf history of thÐ µ study of consumption in thrÐ µÃ µ stagÐ µs, highlighting thÐ µ issuÐ µs raisÐ µd by Ð µach stagÐ µ of work.ThÐ µ sÐ µcond thÐ µn considÐ µrs shopping itsÐ µlf. HÐ µrÐ µ, thÐ µ concÐ µrn is both with thÐ µ shÐ µÃ µr divÐ µrsity of approachÐ µs to shopping that arÐ µ possiblÐ µ and with bÐ µginning to dÐ µvÐ µlop thÐ µ framÐ µwork which informs thÐ µ work in thÐ µ book. (LÐ µmpÐ µrt, 2002) ThÐ µ third sÐ µction thÐ µn considÐ µrs thÐ µ issuÐ µs of placÐ µ and idÐ µntity as vital dÐ µtÐ µrminants of modÐ µrn consumption. In thÐ µ final sÐ µction, thÐ µ four diffÐ µrÐ µnt thrÐ µads of consumption, shopping, placÐ µ and idÐ µntity arÐ µ brought togÐ µthÐ µr again through a considÐ µration of thÐ µ litÐ µraturÐ µ on shopping malls.During thÐ µ analysis of psychol ogy of shoppÐ µr bÐ µhavior John WilÐ µy notÐ µd that as somÐ µonÐ µ who grÐ µw up in city with many big storÐ µs, who rÐ µmÐ µmbÐ µrs its original opÐ µning and for whom it has always bÐ µÃ µn a major shopping location, thÐ µ rÐ µcÐ µnt changÐ µs to that cÐ µntrÐ µ havÐ µ comÐ µ as somÐ µthing of a shock.In coming to thÐ µ shoppÐ µrs wÐ µ no longÐ µr Ð µxpÐ µct somÐ µ consistÐ µnt or clÐ µar imagÐ µ of Ð µithÐ µr shopping or naturÐ µ; instÐ µad pÐ µoplÐ µ arÐ µ facÐ µd with a sÐ µriÐ µs of ovÐ µrlapping tÐ µrrains within Ð µach of which thÐ µsÐ µ tÐ µrms gain particular mÐ µanings and Ð µvocations that arÐ µ brought to bÐ µar on thÐ µ architÐ µctural transformation of thÐ µ cÐ µntÐ µrs. (LÐ µmpÐ µrt, 2002)   It is only through thÐ µ kind of intÐ µnsivÐ µ work which is rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd by this study that wÐ µ may bÐ µ ablÐ µ to discÐ µrn how prÐ µcisÐ µly thÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ of shopping in shoppi ng cÐ µntÐ µrs has plural connotations for thÐ µ shoppÐ µr that producÐ µ thÐ µ actual concÐ µptualizations of naturÐ µ and modÐ µrnity that thÐ µy Ð µmploy.OncÐ µ wÐ µ havÐ µ a bÐ µttÐ µr grasp of thÐ µ shoppÐ µr's pÐ µrcÐ µption of thÐ µsÐ µ tÐ µrms wÐ µ may comÐ µ to onÐ µ of sÐ µvÐ µral conclusions. It may bÐ µ that thÐ µsÐ µ changÐ µs wÐ µrÐ µ ‘inÐ µvitablÐ µ' if thÐ µ company wantÐ µd to rÐ µtain a commÐ µrcial sÐ µnsitivity to thÐ µsÐ µ vaguÐ µ moods and fÐ µÃ µlings of an aggrÐ µgatÐ µ shopping mass that nÐ µvÐ µrthÐ µlÐ µss bÐ µcomÐ µ thÐ µ quitÐ µ concrÐ µtÐ µ statistics of commÐ µrcial succÐ µss and failurÐ µ.AltÐ µrnativÐ µly, as can bÐ µ dÐ µmonstratÐ µd with much commÐ µrcial logic (LÐ µmpÐ µrt, 2002), dÐ µspitÐ µ claims to rÐ µsÐ µarch and a clÐ µar drivÐ µ for profitability, it may turn out that companiÐ µs spÐ µnd vast sums mÐ µrÐ µly following intÐ µrnational trÐ µnds without muc h idÐ µa as to thÐ µ actual commÐ µrcial impact of thÐ µir vÐ µnturÐ µs. As in thÐ µ casÐ µ of advÐ µrtising, capitalist firms spÐ µnd vastly morÐ µ monÐ µy ‘just in casÐ µ it has a positivÐ µ Ð µffÐ µct' or bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µir rivals arÐ µ spÐ µnding similar sums, rathÐ µr than bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µy arÐ µ confidÐ µnt of thÐ µ rÐ µsults of thÐ µir Ð µxpÐ µnditurÐ µs.Turning from thÐ µ architÐ µcturÐ µ and from managÐ µmÐ µnt to thÐ µ shoppÐ µrs thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs nÐ µÃ µd to dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µ what constitutÐ µs an Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ of shopping that is rÐ µlativÐ µly spÐ µaking natural or artificial for thÐ µ contÐ µmporary shoppÐ µrs. Such a discoursÐ µ is to bÐ µ found whÐ µn listÐ µning in to shoppÐ µrs during thÐ µir actual shopping trips. ThÐ µsÐ µ attitudÐ µs bÐ µcomÐ µ most Ð µvidÐ µnt whÐ µn shoppÐ µrs Ð µxprÐ µssÐ µd thÐ µir rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation and rÐ µlationship to thÐ µ shop assistant, a fi gurÐ µ who turnÐ µd out to bÐ µ a much morÐ µ common topic of convÐ µrsation than thÐ µ shop architÐ µcturÐ µ.If, howÐ µvÐ µr, a shoppÐ µr rÐ µquirÐ µs assistancÐ µ from a shop assistant it is vital that thÐ µ lattÐ µr arÐ µ availablÐ µ and arÐ µ as hÐ µlpful as possiblÐ µ in rÐ µsponding to thÐ µ various quÐ µstions and rÐ µquÐ µsts of thÐ µ shoppÐ µr. Shops wÐ µrÐ µ constantly bÐ µing appraisÐ µd in tÐ µrms of thÐ µ dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ to which shop assistants conformÐ µd to this modÐ µl. OnÐ µ of thÐ µ factors that sÐ µparatÐ µd out thÐ µ two kÐ µy middlÐ µ-class sitÐ µs of â€Å"BÐ µing thÐ µ ShoppÐ µrâ€Å"was prÐ µcisÐ µly this Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ of shop assistants.WilÐ µy on thÐ µ wholÐ µ was praisÐ µd as having assistants who most closÐ µly conformÐ µd to this idÐ µa of a discrÐ µtÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µncÐ µ which is nÐ µvÐ µrthÐ µlÐ µss informÐ µd and hÐ µlpful whÐ µn rÐ µquÐ µstÐ µd. â€Å"BÐ µing thÐ µ Sho ppÐ µrâ€Å"   was not sÐ µÃ µn as having intrusivÐ µ assistants but it was oftÐ µn sÐ µÃ µn as fÐ µw and far bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn and not nÐ µarly as knowlÐ µdgÐ µablÐ µ about thÐ µ mÐ µrchandisÐ µ whÐ µn thÐ µy could bÐ µ trackÐ µd down. (LÐ µmpÐ µrt, 2002)ThÐ µ apparÐ µnt ‘naturalnÐ µss' of this attitudÐ µ to shop assistants is bÐ µst critiquÐ µd by rÐ µfÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ to a contrast with quitÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µnt stylÐ µs in thÐ µ rÐ µlationship bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn shop assistant and shoppÐ µr. In thÐ µ first casÐ µ WilÐ µy comparÐ µ this viÐ µw with thÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µncÐ µ of somÐ µ ‘AmÐ µrican' stylÐ µ shops and shop assistants.In thÐ µ sÐ µcond placÐ µ WilÐ µy show diffÐ µrÐ µnt contrast with what might bÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µd as a rÐ µmnant working-class vision of solidarity. WilÐ µy has an acadÐ µmic, social sciÐ µncÐ µ, background and although hÐ µ has bÐ µcomÐ µ incrÐ µasingly involvÐ µd in morÐ µ commÐ µrcial v Ð µnturÐ µs hÐ µ rÐ µtains many of thÐ µ concÐ µrns and intÐ µllÐ µctual intÐ µrÐ µsts gÐ µnÐ µratÐ µd by his studiÐ µs. WilÐ µy is also awarÐ µ that, if not what shÐ µ would call wÐ µalthy, hÐ µ is quitÐ µ ‘comfortablÐ µ' and has considÐ µrablÐ µ cosmopolitan Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ both from holidays abroad and pÐ µriods spÐ µnt living or working abroad.

Big business and how it affects media ethics Essay

The effect of media on the public as shown in the long list of Hollywood movies is of prime interest with big business that targets mass consumption of their products, services and ideas. Big business sells not merely a product or a service but a whole lifestyle and mode of thinking. Big business sells a whole package of beliefs passed on from one generation of consumers to the next. McGuire (1986) noted several of the most commonly mentioned intended media effects: (a) the effects of advertising on purchasing, (b) the effects of political campaigns on voting, (c) the effects of public service announcements (PSAs) on personal behavior and social improvement, (d) the effects of propaganda on ideology, and (e) the effects of media ritual on social control. And the one who could manipulate the media eventually controls the effects media has on its audience. And due to this interest, big business has not been complacent in using media to further its interests to the extent of affecting media ethics. There is a war between big business and media as one tries to use, outwit and profit from each other’s power. Media needs the advertising money that big business has. And big business needs media’s format and reach to help push their products in competitive markets. On ordinary and traditional circumstance, business news will be the usual reporting of financial markets, who recently go hired or who recently got promoted but times are changing as media and big business realize the power they have over each other. â€Å"Private enterprise has been and continues to be thought of as a private ?affair by many who engage in it. But for a multitude of reasons, the ? media try (and not often enough, some argue) to make private transactions public business. The press is watching business closely. One page from a metropolitan ? newspaper can tell the story. The Orange County Register, a southern ? California daily with a circulation of over 300,000, reported stories under ? these headlines one day in early 1987: â€Å"GM plans to lay off 2,000 in ? Kansas City†; â€Å"Ford exec asks cut in Japanese Imports†; â€Å"SEC chief says ?more big news is coming†; â€Å"Guiness director quits over scheme†; â€Å"People/Continental to offer 2-for-1 tickets†; â€Å"GE to lay off 3,000 workers at ? Northeast plants†; A large picture showed striking Lockheed Shipbuilding workers crossing a picket line ? in Seattle. † (Blohowiak, 1987) It’s more dangerous when both cohort each other into twisting the truth and step over business and media ethics. In this light, big business and media profit from the unethical practice of their crafts with the mass markets eventually receiving unjust consequences as illustrated by the highly celebrated Enron fiasco. â€Å"In the wake of apparently dishonest practices by Enron Corp. executives, and apparent negligence by members of its board of directors, many are asking how people believed to be so smart could have lacked the moral courage to seek and tell the truth. As there is after every financial scandal, a call is being made for more courses in â€Å"business ethics† in the leading universities. † (Berlau, 2002) Another example of the big business that has continually been in headlines is the business of war. Media has played a critical role in convincing voters to support the decision of their leaders to go to war and spend for war. Smith in 1994 explains â€Å"that armament firms have sought to influence public opinion through the control of newspapers in their own and foreign countries, that armament firms have organized international armament rings through which the armament race has been accentuated by playing off one country against another, that armament firms have organized international armament trusts which have increased the price of armaments sold to governments. † (Smith, 1994) As the Bush administration furthers its campaign against terror, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are slowly becoming the most expensive campaign since World War II. Lawmakers and congressional staff reports that Pentagon is preparing $127 billion to $160 billion worth of requests for its armed services due for 2007. â€Å"That’s on top of $70 billion already approved for 2007. Since 2001, Congress has approved $502 billion for the war on terror, roughly two-thirds for Iraq. The latest request, due to reach the incoming Democratic-controlled Congress next spring, would make the war on terror more expensive than the Vietnam War. † (Wolf, 2006) The business of war just like any other kind of big business will succeed to prosper and profit because behind these big businesses are media partners that by themselves big business as well. Media ethics is nowhere to be found in bottom line discussions between the big businesses and the use of the networks to serve specific interests as elaborated by the action of Sinclair Broadcasting Group and their support for the Bush Administration presidential campaigns. â€Å"If what can only be described as an attempt by a large, conservative corporation to keep a corporate president in power, Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which owns 62 stations nationwide, has ordered all of its stations to pre-empt regular programming and instead show an anti-Kerry film along the lines of the Swift Boat Liars one week before the election. â€Å"It’s not the American way for powerful corporations to strong-arm local broadcasters to air lies promoting a political agenda,† said David Wade, a spokesman for the Democratic nominee’s campaign. â€Å"It’s beyond yellow journalism; it’s a smear bankrolled by Republican money, and I don’t think Americans will stand for it. † (Bowers, 2004) Big business has taken into its payroll media elements including important roles that protect standards. This is imperative if big business wants to ensure success in the big amount of money they invest on advertising or news reporting for example. Although bad or good advertisement is still advertisement and can help brand retention, at the end of the day, consumers would always go for the products and services that have a good reputation. And with media ethics slowly getting softer and softer, with manipulations with words, graphics and endorsers, a not so good product will sell. These are possible due to evolving market models. â€Å"The unrestrained market model has diminished the authority of news editors, once guardians of quality, the domain’s bulwarks against illegitimate pressures exerted by the owners, the public, or other stakeholders. The editors, in a sense, were newsrooms’ superegos, the disinterested enforces of standards. Most editors are now firmly embedded in the corporate hierarchy, directly answerable to fiscal matters. They are paid like executives – a big change from the recent past – and are expected to conform to corporate fiscal priorities. † (Gardner, 2001).

Ethics of Compliance Southwest Essay

The purpose of this paper is to present, discuss, and examine the topic of ethical and social responsibility. It will discuss Southwest Airlines’ failure to comply with the Federal Aviation Administration’s rules on inspecting aircraft and what violations occurred. On March 6, 2008, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors submitted documents to the United States Congress, alleging that Southwest allowed 117 of its aircraft to fly carrying passengers despite the fact that the planes were â€Å"not airworthy† according to air safety investigators. In some cases, the planes were allowed to fly for up to 30 months after the inspection deadlines had passed, rendering them unfit to fly. Records indicate that thousands of passengers were flown on aircraft deemed unsafe by federal standards. Clearly, this is an issue tied to social responsibility and ethics at the highest level, ignoring the safety inspections put people’s lives in jeopardy. This situation actually began in 1988, when an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 suffered an accident that killed a flight attendant. The top of the plane’s fuselage tore off, opening up a large section of the plane’s roof, killing the flight attendant. The accident occurred because of cracks in the plane’s fuselage. Since then, the FAA has required regular inspections of 737 fuselages to ensure an accident like this does not occur again. In 2007, two FAA inspectors began to question documentation and inspections at Southwest Airlines. They had reason to be concerned, because they felt their concerns were being ignored, and their supervisor was not investigating their complaints. FAA inspectors Bobby Boutris and Douglas Peters testified before Congress about their experiences, and asked for whistleblower status, meaning they could not be fired from their jobs because of their testimony. Boutris was the first to question records kept by Southwest about airplane inspections. In 2003, he was in charge of inspecting engines for the 737, and he could validate the Southwest’s reports. He told an NPR Radio reporter, â€Å"‘I had found a lot of inconsistencies with the records,’ Boutris says. They were different from aircraft to aircraft; it was very hard to determine compliance'† (Goodwyn, 2008). He notes that he complained to his supervisor, Douglas Gawadzinski, but he ignored Boutris’ complaints. In 2006, Boutris took over safety responsibility for the entire 737-700 series aircraft, and when he reviewed Southwest, he found the same recordkeeping problems he had uncovered in 2003. He notified his supervisor and wanted to send a le tter of investigation, again his supervisor Gawadzinski refused to acknowledge his concerns. Boutris believes it is because Gawadzinski had a close friendship with Paul Comeau, a former FAA employee who went to work for Southwest as their manager for regulatory compliance. Anything to do with Southwest and the FAA went through these two men, and Boutris believes they routinely covered up inspection irregularities or lack of inspections. Boutris continued to complain, and Southwest asked for him to be removed from their inspections. Reporter Goodwyn continues, â€Å"At first, Gawadzinski refused to remove Boutris. But it wasn’t long before the supervisory maintenance inspector told Boutris he was out and that his career was in jeopardy because there had been undisclosed complaints from anonymous Southwest officials† (Goodwyn, 2008). At this point, Douglas Peters, another FAA inspector, were brought in to review Boutris’ investigation into Southwest’s compliance. Goodwyn notes, â€Å"The more he looked into the matter, the more he agreed with Boutris that the flying public was in danger. Peters says the situation defied logic. ‘That something so critical †¦ would be not addressed †¦ I can’t explain it. It’s a mystery'† (Goodwyn, 2008). People from Southwest began to contact Gawadzinski directly, instead of going through Peters. Another reporter states, â€Å"The whistle-blowers complained repeatedly in memos written in 2007 that their concerns about Southwest were not being taken seriously. The underlying safety concern — the airline was unable to keep up with mandatory inspections — had been raised as early as 2003, one charged† (Levin, 2008). Finally, in March 2007, Southwest admitted to flying 47 737s without completing the problem fuselage inspections, which triggered a Congressional investigation. Even more disturbing, the airline continued to fly the planes even after disclosing they had not been inspected – it took almost a week to ground the planes. The two men testified before Congress in April 2008, and the FAA fined Southwest $10. 2 million for the blunders. Reporter Levin continues, â€Å"Last month, nearly a year after the initial problems were discovered, the FAA levied a $10. 2 million fine against Southwest. The vast majority of the fine was imposed because Southwest had certified that it stopped flying the planes as soon as it learned of the missed inspections, FAA officials said† (Levin, 2008). These are the basic facts and timeline of the case. The major overriding issue in this case is that the FAA and Southwest conspired to cover up inspection information, and they did so at passengers and crewmembers expense. The inspections were mandated because the FAA knew this particular plane had critical safety issues. By not inspecting planes and allowing them to continue flying, they were putting everyone on those planes in jeopardy, and they knew it. That is perhaps the biggest ethical concern of this case, that the company knew they had not completed checks, but continued to fly the planes anyway. One of the whistleblowers was told they did not ground the planes because it would â€Å"disrupt† Southwest’s service and flight schedule (Goodwyn, 2008). Every airline has a social responsibility to keep their passengers and crews as safe as possible. Flying is a relatively safe form of travel, however accidents do occur. Maintaining high maintenance and safety standards is simply the right thing to do in the transportation industry; it is the ethical, moral, and socially responsible choice. For an airline to lower those standards, especially because of worries about disruption of service, is simply incomprehensible. For example, the entire airline would be in jeopardy if one of the planes had crashed, and it was found to have been because of a crack that was not detected because of a missed inspection. Indeed, inspections on the aircraft did turn up cracks in some of the planes in question, cracks that had to be repaired before the airplanes took flight again (Wilber, 2008). Thus, Southwest put people in danger, and that is a major ethical violation that has not thoroughly been addressed in the media or by the airline itself. In addition, the FAA was compliant in this ethical transgression, because they allowed it to happen, calling into question the integrity of the organization that is supposed to be primarily concerned with airline safety and maintenance. If the agency doing the oversight is questionable, it brings the entire system into question. This issue should be studied further because it raises so many moral and ethical questions, and it should be studied because it seems, since there seem to be no lasting ramifications for the FAA, that it could happen again, which is even more disturbing. The stakeholders in this case are the people who fly on Southwest Airlines. Southwest damaged their reputation by letting down their stakeholders, and that is extremely disturbing. They put passenger safety in jeopardy over worries about income and disrupted flights, when their first concern should have been safety and only safety. This calls into question the entire integrity of the company. This is more than just the classical interpretation of right and wrong, it is a moral dilemma that should have had an extremely simple solution. Ground the planes, inspect them as quickly as possible, and get them back in the air. The fact that there was any other solution seen to the problem indicates just how unethical and morally irresponsible Southwest was, and the stakeholders should demand compensation for the threat this decision made to their safety. Southwest simply got lucky that one of the affected planes did not develop more serious issues, and the $10. 2 million dollar fine seems quite low in retrospect, considering the damage that could have occurred to people and property had a plane crashed. The economic responsibility of this situation is clear; Southwest had to pay a large fine and ground the planes, losing revenue anyway. Their reputation suffered, although it did not seem to make a dent in their passenger. Most people did not even seem to care that Southwest had endangered them and only a few spoke out in blogs or in other areas when the news broke. Southwest has a serious responsibility to keep its passengers and crews safe, and they lost the trust of at least some people because of their callous disregard for safety. That is a huge moral responsibility, and Southwest has never really acknowledged their failure, which is an even larger ethical concern, it seems. In a statement before Congress, Southwest CEO Gary Kelly said, â€Å"Our compliance with certain specific Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness directives has been called into question. We have committed to a thorough review and to make any changes necessary to ensure that we are in full compliance with FAA airworthiness directives and our own maintenance programs, policies, and procedures† (Kelly, 2008). However, in previous testimony before Congress, Kelly and Southwest Executive Chairman Herb Kelleher both maintained that Southwest did comply with all FAA requirements, and the safety of passengers was never in question (Kelly, 2008). Thus, Southwest maintains they complied with all FAA regulations and did inspect the aircraft, only under a different maintenance directive than the one the two whistleblowers charged had not been done. It seems like a technicality, and that Southwest is not taking true moral or ethical responsibility for the incidents. They also stated that they did not think they would be fined for the maintenance issues, and it seems as if in their testimony, they were attempting to lay groundwork to fight a fine. However, they did eventually back down and stop contesting the fine, probably because they felt they looked bad enough already. Some recommendations for this case have already been completed. The FAA inspector, Gawadzinski, was transferred to another division, without contact with Southwest. Southwest placed several maintenance and safety personnel on leave, and developed new maintenance and safety guidelines. The two top executives maintain they did not know about the 2007 maintenance charges until March 2008, and as soon as they learned of them, they implemented stronger maintenance and communication directives so they would be notified and aware of any problems. These would have been at least some of the recommendations made in this case. Another would be for Southwest to undergo a major campaign to gain back the public’s trust, as many people would seem to have trust issues in flying on Southwest planes. This would include a media campaign that would address trust issues, and perhaps even a campaign including top executives flying on their own planes. This would not be too costly or difficult to administer, and it would let people know that the company is actually sorry about its actions and is going to be more responsible in the future. It also seems as if the company should apologize to their stakeholders and their crewmembers, not in front of Congress, but in front of them, and with humility. Frankly, their testimony and apology to Congress sounded defensive and insincere, and a true measure of humility might be to offer anyone who flew on those planes some type of compensation or personal apology to make the situation even a little bit more palatable. Of course, that would entail a large expense, but it would make their intentions a bit more acceptable. Finally, they have to be open and above board with their maintenance issues and they have to make quite certain there is nothing questionable about any of their practices. Their maintenance and safety department must be impeccable, and it must always be open to scrutiny not only by the FAA, but by the public, as well. They owe that, at the very least, to the people that choose to fly on Southwest Airlines. In conclusion, this case indicates how deeply ethical issues can affect a business. Allowing planes to fly uninspected is a terrible disservice to the passengers and crews of this airline. It indicates a deep-seated lack of respect for the public, the employees, and the agency created to maintain air travel safety. It also indicates an arrogance that the company can flaunt the system and win. Southwest Airlines has deeper issues than maintenance and safety. It has to take a strong look at its ethics and principles, and alter them to create a more socially responsible organization that respects and values the people it serves. Without a change, the organization will certainly suffer more ethical violations in the future.

Nursing Documentation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Documentation - Term Paper Example The term records is used in this periodical to mean any written by electronic means generated information about a patient that describes the service or duty of care provided to that client. Health records may be paper documents or electronic documents, such as images, electronic medical records, faxes, e-mails and video record or audio. Body Via documentation, nurses converse their explanations, decisions, procedures and consequences of this deed for clients. Records used as exact explanation of what happen and when it happened, hence they give clear information on them. From documentation, information given to individual clients or groups of clients according to the nature of the individuals relates to the consequences of observation. For individual clients, documentation provides entire statement of the status of the client, the proceedings of the nurse, and the client results. Nursing documentation clearly describes an evaluation of the client’s fitness status, nursing inte rventions carried out, and the result of these interventions on client impacts. From nursing health chart, care plan records client’s requirement such as goals of clients and wishes. If care plan, needs any change nurses usually report the information to other health care or physician on behalf of client. For groups of client, this document provides information about therapy groups and public health programs service records hence nurses record overall observations pertaining to the group (Carpenito, 2009). Reasons for nursing documentation Nursing documentation usually help in facilitating communication, it provides good nursing care and it meets professional legal standards. Facilitation of communication Nurses usually communicate with other nurses, client and family members of client. In addition, documents usually show interventions that nurses used and outcome from them and care provided to the client by health team (Lippincot & Wilkins, 2007). Promotion of good nursing c are Documentation is used as a source of fund and it gives management a good picture on how to pay their nurses hence carrying out nursing resources on how nurses produced their job such as if the quality of work given is low or high. Nurses also make decision on work based with outcome information and they make changes from base evidence (Treas, & Wilkinson, 2013). Meeting professional and legal standards Documentation helps management to acknowledge nurses skills and knowledge via nursing client relationship. In a court of law, the client’s health record serves as the legal record of the care or service provided. Measurement of Nursing care and the documentation of that care measures according to the standards. Tools for documentation Documentation has tools such as flow sheets, worksheets and checklists, Care maps and client care plan are some of tools used to describe health records (Treas, & Wilkinson, 2013). Worksheets Nurses use worksheets to classify care provided to manage their time and many rights of the client. They also communicate surgeries, upcoming test and available orders in the clinic. Client care plans Client care plan are outlines of individual care and they make permanent health record I hospital. They also used to record clearly the wishes and needs of client. Flow sheets and checklists Flow sheets and checklists are also used in document routine care, observations and records kept on a regular basis, and there are permanent health

Organzational Development The Process of Leading Orginzational Change Essay

Organzational Development The Process of Leading Orginzational Change Case Study 3,4, & 5 - Essay Example Although, they both give individual feelings and perceptions, the first data will take a lot of time because the ideas are not organized in a simpler manner. Not much difference can be noticed from the two data. While meeting Nancy we will majorly focus on the demand that are not being attended to and that need adjustment. The purpose of individual assessment of the team was to mix each other a bit so as to enhance a good understanding of one another. During this assessment it would be possible to realize areas that should be improved and what deficiency is at the working place. In addition to this, it will also ensure that the workers are able to open up to each other. The interrelation will ease the team’s interaction which will enhance maximization of an individual’s output. The instrument that is used was purposely to ensure that the workers are aware of one another discrete working style. It is good to have knowledge of your working partners’ style so as to enhance a good working environment. The instrument was introduced as a way of analyzing individual style of work. Lori describes it as way of letting the workers have a good understanding amongst them, and not to mean that was what they really are. Every member of the team needs to know what style he/she prefers when part of the team. The explanation was done well, although, an improvement on the description should have been enhanced. This is because some employees would make decision without clear understanding of what really describes them. An example is when Cindy objects the word controlling as it has been used to describe someone who seeks attention and lead the rest. She finds the term so negative. Actually controlling does not fully describe someone who follows teams’ decisions. The idea of separating the workers according to the style that they think of themselves was a good idea. They are divided to help us identify what one thinks is the best style to

The Great Fire of London 1666 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Fire of London 1666 - Research Paper Example There are a number of factors that came into play and that worked together to turn a small, simple fire into the greatest conflagration in the history of England. Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist of Stuart England, experienced the Great Fire first-hand, and was instrumental in the successful efforts to halt the inferno. Pepyss diary entry of September 2, 1666, states that one of the household maid-servants, on her arrival at the Pepys household that morning, told of a great fire that was at that moment raging in the city. The entry further relates what Pepys himself found when he went personally to investigate the situation in his duty as Clerk to the Royal Navy. Much of what is known about the Great Fire comes from Pepyss own account and subsequent investigations undertaken after the event. The fire itself was ignited in the premises of Thomas Farynor (or Farriner), the Kings Baker (perhaps an appropriate name for a baker or one who works with flour, taken from the old French word for flour, farine). It is believed that cinders or sparks were ejected from one of the bakers ovens earlier in the evening, at about 10:00pm, and started a small fire in the bakery. In the investigation Farynor swore that this fire had been extinguished. This may in fact have been the fire that Lord Mayor Bludworth was thinking of when he described the Great Fire as being so small that â€Å"a woman might piss it out†, perhaps unaware of the magnitude of the actual conflagration that had by then taken hold. In any event, the bakers home was an inferno by 1:00am, and the Great Fire grew from there. The fire spread from Farynors residence in Pudding Lane east towards the Tower of London, south towards the Barbican, west towards Temple Bar and north toward the Thames River and London Bridge. Pushed forward by strong easterly winds, it progressed

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, Essay - 4

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, and a short paragraph Evaluation of the text below - Essay Example The text is useful because it presents opportunity and resolutions for the improvement of police and community relations. Moreover, different individuals representing various institutions can participate in the discussions. Zachary Norris, the executive director of Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, Ethel Long- Scott, director of women’s economic agenda project and Daniel Zapien, youth organizer, photographer and videographer at Silicon Valley De-Bug, have lengthy talks on the reasons for poverty, police and community relations. They make the text debatable since they have valid facts for discussion based mainly on poverty issues, and it is effects on police and the community. Nguyen argues that the text offers value of the importance of racial and economic justice. Besides, economic justice among various people in the community contributes to the alleviation of poverty and eventual improvement of police and the community. Therefore, support of economic power among the youth reduces idleness and rates of crime in the community. It has a positive effect on the community since police tend to execute their duties based on racial discrimination of criminals in the community. That is because youths supported economically reduce their criminal activities keeping away the police from them and the community. The text enhances understanding of the necessity to improve police and community relations. Besides, thoughtful ideas on poverty reduction promote understanding of the improvement of police and community relations. However, the text does not challenge existing condition of poverty as the main reason for the police and community disparities. In fact, poverty remains as the main reason for police great influence to the community since economic inequality. Selective justice is a notable reason for the rise in the levels of crime